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When Sony introduced the first lithium-ion battery in 1991, knew it was possible security risks. A recall of previously published rechargeable lithium metal was a sad memory of the discipline of an exercise in dealing with this need for high energy density of batteries.
Pioneering work for the lithium battery began in 1912, but only in the early 1970's, when the first non-rechargeable lithium batteries became commercially available. Attempts to developrechargeable lithium batteries followed in the eighties. These early models were based on metallic lithium and offers a very high energy density. However, instability sets of lithium metal, especially during charging, a brake on development. The cell had the potential of a thermal run-away. The temperature could rise quickly to the melting point of lithium metal and a violent reaction. A large amount of lithium batteries had to be recalled in 1991 afterthe packet in a mobile phone released hot gases and causes burns to the face of a man.
Due to the inherent instability of lithium metal, research shifted to a non-metallic lithium-ion battery. Although slightly lower energy density, lithium-ion battery system is safe, provided certain precautions are taken during loading and unloading. Today, lithium-ion battery is one of the safest types available and successful. Two billion cells are produced allYear.
Lithium-ion cells with cobalt cathodes contain twice the energy of a nickel-based batteries and four times that of lead-acid. Lithium ion is a low-maintenance system, an advantage that most other chemistries can not claim to. There is no memory and no scheduled cycling batteries, which need to prolong his life. Nor did the problem of lithium-ion Lead-acid sulfation, which is when the battery is stored without periodic topping charge. Lithium ion has a low self-discharge, andenvironment. Disposal due to minimal damage.
Long battery life have always been the desire of many consumers. Battery manufacturers responded more active packaging material into a cell thin, making the electrodes and the separator. This allowed us to double the energy density as lithium ion was introduced in 1991.
The high energy density has its price. Production processes increasingly critical as the cells. Separator with a thickness of only 20-25,every little penetration of particles of metal powders can have devastating consequences. Appropriate measures must be prescribed safety standards by UL to reach by 1642. During a penetration test of the nails, the old 18650 cells are tolerated with a capacity of 1.35Ah today 2.4Ah high cell density would be a bomb, if the conduct of the test itself. UL 1642 does not require penetration of the nail. Lithium batteries are approaching their theoretical limit and the battery energy densityManufacturers are beginning to focus on improving the production process and increase security.

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